IM : ARSITEKTUR TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT MASELA, MALUKU BARAT DAYA

Authors

  • Mezak Wakim Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Ambon

Keywords:

Im, Masela Architecture, and Cosmology

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji arsitektur tradisional masyarakat Masela yakni rumah adat Im, tempat di laksanakanya ritual adat dan melangsungkan kehidupan keseharian. Rumah Adat Im berlokasi di Pulau Masela Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya yang membawai 11 desa dengan karakter rumah adat yang sama, Konstruksi Im berbentuk rumah panggung yang dihuni oleh beberapa keluarga. Orang yang tinggal dalam Im memiliki hubungan kekerabatan, dan biasanya melakukan aktifitas secara bersama-sama, termasuk aktifitas di bidang ekonomi, dengan tetap mengedepankan nilai-nilai penghargaan terhadap Tuhan, leluhur. Adapun permasalahan yang di kajih antara lain ; (1) Bagaimana Konsep Struktur bangunan Im, (2) Bagaimana Peranan Im  dalam Kehidupan masyarakat Masela, (3) Bagaimana pembagian ruang dan penerapan nilai-nilai filosofis Im.  Sedangkan Tujuan penelitian, ini adalah mengungkap bentuk dan fungsi ruang, struktur bangunan, dan kosmologi dalam asrsitektur Im. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan bersifat deskriptif dengan pendeketan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, pengamatan, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konstruksi bangunan Im  adalah berbentuk rumah panggung dan terbagi atas susunan antara lain (1) Ruang atas (2), Tengah, (3) ruang bawah. Im, mencakup seluruh aspek keberadaan manusia, seperti sistem kepercayaan manusia, hubungan antar manusia, hubungan manusia dengan kuasa ilahi, dan tingkah laku manusia. Misalnya, cara makan manusia, cara berpikir, cara menghuni rumah, cara tidur, cara bekerja; semuanya ditentukan oleh nilai-nilai budaya dalam Im.  Letak bangunan mengikuti panjang kampung dengan mengikuti garis pantai, Im sebagai gambaran dari satu totalitas hidup, dan berfungsi sebagai tempat penyelenggaraan seluruh kehidupan masyarakat, meliputi kehidupan sosial dan ritual. Artinya kehidupan religi menyatu dengan kehidupan nyata sehari-hari. Tidak ada pemisahan yang tajam antara hal-hal yang transenden dan yang imanen atau yang rohani dan yang jasmani; kehidupan rohani terwujud dan tersosialisasi di dalam kehidupan setiap hari.This research is about the traditional architecture of Masela people, the traditional house Im. The traditional house Im located in Masela island the regency of Maluku Barat Daya that include eleven villages with the same traditional house. The construction of Im is rumah panggung that is dwelled by some families.  The people who lived in Im have relative relationship and often doing the activity together, include the economic with priority of the appreciation values to God and the ancestor. The problems that would researched are (1) How is the concept structure of building Im (2) How is the role of Im in Masela people, (3) How is the dividing of room and applying the philosophy values of Im. The purpose of this research is to describe the form and function of the room, the building structure, and cosmology in architecture Im. This research using the method of qualitative descriptive. The technic of collecting data is interview, observation, and study of references. This research indicate that the construction building of Im is typed rumah panggung and divide into some compositions such as (1) top room, (2) midlle room, and (3) under room Im include the whole aspect of human being such as belief system of human being, the relation between human being, the relation of human being and God, and the behavior of human being. Such as the way of eat, the way of thinking, the way to dwelling the house, the way of sleeping, the way to working, all of them is fixed by the values of Im. The location building is follow the length of the village based on the sea line. Im is the description of unity and is function as the place center of whole life community, social and tradition. It is mean the religion and daily life is one. There is no separation between the spiritual and body material, the spiritual life is manifestated and implementated in daily life.

References

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Published

2017-12-31

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 3 (2017)

Section

Articles

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